Starting your yoga journey can be exciting—but a little confusing too. Between Sanskrit terms, pose names, and spiritual concepts, you might feel like you’ve stepped into a whole new world. Don’t worry. In this beginner-friendly guide, we’ll break down the essential yoga terminology you need to know. By the end of this article, you’ll be able to walk into any yoga class with more confidence and understanding.
What Is Yoga, Really?
Let’s start with the basics. Yoga is more than just stretching or exercise. The word “yoga” comes from the Sanskrit word yuj, which means “to yoke” or “to unite.” It refers to the union of the mind, body, and spirit. Originating over 5,000 years ago in India, yoga combines physical postures (asanas), breathing techniques (pranayama), and meditation to create a holistic lifestyle practice.
There are many different types of yoga, each with its own style, pace, and focus. But no matter which one you try, understanding the vocabulary will help you feel more connected and prepared.
Common Types of Yoga
Hatha Yoga
Hatha is a gentle form of yoga that emphasizes basic postures and breathing. Most beginner classes fall under this category. The word “Hatha” itself means “sun” (ha) and “moon” (tha), symbolizing balance.
Vinyasa Yoga
Vinyasa links breath with movement. It’s often faster-paced, with poses flowing smoothly from one to the next. You may hear instructors refer to a “vinyasa flow.”
Ashtanga Yoga
This is a rigorous and structured form of yoga involving a specific sequence of poses. It’s physically demanding and ideal for people who enjoy discipline and routine.
Yin Yoga
Yin focuses on slow movements and deep stretches, targeting the body’s connective tissues. Poses are held for several minutes at a time, often using props for support.
Restorative Yoga
Restorative yoga uses blankets, bolsters, and blocks to help the body relax completely. It’s deeply calming and ideal for stress relief and recovery.
Basic Sanskrit Pose Names
Sanskrit is the traditional language of yoga. Many teachers use Sanskrit names for poses alongside their English translations. Here are some of the most common:
- Tadasana – Mountain Pose
- Adho Mukha Svanasana – Downward-Facing Dog
- Bhujangasana – Cobra Pose
- Trikonasana – Triangle Pose
- Virabhadrasana – Warrior Pose
- Balasana – Child’s Pose
- Savasana – Corpse Pose (final relaxation)
- Utkatasana – Chair Pose
- Setu Bandhasana – Bridge Pose
Understanding these names will help you follow along more easily in class.
Breathing Techniques (Pranayama)
Breath is central to yoga practice. “Prana” means life force, and “ayama” means control. Together, pranayama refers to controlling the breath to regulate energy in the body. Some popular techniques include:
Ujjayi (Victorious Breath)
This breath creates a slight whispering sound, similar to ocean waves. It’s commonly used in Vinyasa and Ashtanga yoga to focus and energize the mind.
Nadi Shodhana (Alternate Nostril Breathing)
A calming technique where you close one nostril at a time to balance the body’s energy channels.
Kapalabhati (Skull-Shining Breath)
A forceful exhalation practice that energizes the body and clears the mind. Often done in Kundalini or cleansing sequences.
Key Yoga Concepts to Know
Namaste
You’ll hear this word at the end of most yoga classes. It means “I bow to you” and is a respectful greeting in India. In yoga, it honors the light in both the teacher and student.
Om (or Aum)
Om is a sacred sound symbolizing the essence of the universe. It’s often chanted at the beginning or end of a class to center the mind and connect with tradition.
Chakra
Chakras are energy centers in the body. There are seven main chakras, each linked to specific physical and emotional states. Poses and breathing can help balance these centers.
Drishti
This refers to your gaze or point of focus. Drishti helps you build concentration and balance during poses like Tree Pose or Warrior III.
Mudra
Mudras are hand gestures used to direct energy during meditation and breathwork. One example is Anjali Mudra (hands pressed together in front of the heart, like in Namaste).
Bandha
Bandhas are “body locks” used to control energy flow during practice. The three major ones are:
- Mula Bandha (root lock)
- Uddiyana Bandha (abdominal lock)
- Jalandhara Bandha (throat lock)
These are more common in advanced practices.
Yoga Props and Their Purpose
Props help you get into poses safely and comfortably, especially as a beginner. Don’t be shy about using them!
- Yoga Mat – Provides grip and cushioning
- Block – Assists with alignment and flexibility
- Strap – Helps extend your reach in poses
- Bolster – Offers support in restorative poses
- Blanket – Adds comfort or support under the knees, head, or back
Etiquette in a Yoga Class
Knowing the lingo is great—but understanding yoga class etiquette is equally important.
- Arrive early to set up and relax
- Turn off your phone or leave it outside the room
- Respect silence during meditation and savasana
- Inform your teacher of any injuries or conditions
- Clean your mat and props after use
Practicing with kindness and mindfulness is part of the yogic lifestyle.
Final Relaxation: Savasana
No matter the class style, most sessions end with Savasana (Corpse Pose). It’s not just lying down—it’s an active rest that allows your body and mind to absorb the benefits of the practice. Don’t skip it. It’s often the most important part of class.
Conclusion: Learning the Language of Yoga
Yoga is more than movement—it’s a living tradition rich in philosophy, spirituality, and purpose. Understanding basic yoga terms allows you to connect more deeply with the practice and gain more from each session. Whether you’re following a video at home or joining a studio class, this guide can help you feel grounded and ready.
The more you practice, the more these terms will become second nature. Just like yoga itself, learning the language is a journey—so be patient, breathe deeply, and enjoy every step.
